USIT Solution Generation Methods (appendix)
This article is published in the
TRIZ Journal courtesy of the author Toru
Nakagawa.
There are two parts: Full Article |
Appendix
TRIZ/USIT Paper: |
USIT Solution
Generation Methods
(Full Version)
- Simplified System by the Reorganization of TRIZ
Solution Generation Methods |
Toru Nakagawa
(Osaka Gakuin Univ.),
Hideaki Kosha and
Yuji Mihara (Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd., Japan) |
Appendix to "Reorganizing TRIZ
Solution Generation Methods into Simple Five in USIT"
ETRIA World Conference: TRIZ Future
2002, Strasbourg, France, Nov. 6-8, 2002 |
Editor's Note
(Toru Nakagawa, Nov. 19, 2002)
This document was
originally presented as the Appendix to the paper at the ETRIA World
Conference held on Nov. 6-8, 2002. The formation of this document and its
significance are described in the paper posted here as a separate page:
"Reorganizing
TRIZ Solution Generation Methods into Simple Five in USIT", Toru
Nakagawa, Hideaki Kosha and Yuji Mihara, ETRIA World Conference 'TRIZ Future
2002', held at Strasbourg on Nov. 6-8, 2002; posted here in "TRIZ Home Page
in Japan" on Nov. 19, 2002.
The USIT methods summarized here have been
obtained by reorganizing the huge body of the solution generation methods in
TRIZ (especially including Inventive Principles, Inventive Standards, and
Trends of Technical Evolution) and by unifying them into an easy-to-understand
hierarchical scheme. Thus the whole TRIZ know-hows are effectively applicable
with the present methods to real problem solving.
In order to learn the principles and usage
of the whole USIT method, specifically as the new framework for reorganizing
TRIZ, please refer to the following paper:
"Experiences
of Teaching and Applying the Essence of TRIZ with Easier USIT Procedure",
Toru Nakagawa, presented at TRIZCON2002, St. Louis, Apr. 28-30, 2002; posted
here in "TRIZ
Home Page in Japan", May 16, 2002.
Contributions of
various TRIZ principles and methods to the present USIT methods are referred
in [ ] behind the detailed descriptions of USIT guidelines. The symbols and
their references are as follows (see the Paper for more detail):
[P] TRIZ '40
Inventive Principles'
[Yuri Salamatov,
"TRIZ: The Right Solution at the Right Time", Insytec, 1999.]
[S] TRIZ '76
Inventive Standards'
[Yuri Salamatov,
"TRIZ: The Right Solution at the Right Time", Insytec, 1999]
[T] TRIZ 'Trends
of Evolution of Technological Systems'
[Darrell Mann,
"Hands-On Systematic Innovation", CREAX, 2002]
[H] Sickfus's
Heuristics
[Ed Sickafus,
"Unified Structured Inventive Thinking", Intelleck, 1997]
Concerning to the
schematic illustrates please refer to Section 3.3 of the Paper and the brief
note at the end of this document.
This composes one of
the four documents of "USIT Solution Generation Methods" as designed to fit
readers' requirements of different levels and interests.
Document |
Description |
Usage |
in English |
in Japanese |
(a)
One-page reminder list
(A part of the
present page) |
a list of titles
of the submethods |
Reminder to be
used during the USIT problem solving sessions by the people already
learned the USIT methods |
Nov. 19, 2002 |
Sept. 18, 2002 |
(b)
Simple version |
guidelines and
illustrations of the submethods |
For studying USIT
at the beginner's level |
Nov. 19, 2002 |
Sept. 18, 2002 |
(c)
Full version
(The present
page) |
detailed
guidelines and illustrations of the submethods. (Appendix to the Paper) |
For studying USIT
at its full extension |
Nov. 19, 2002 |
Sept. 18, 2002 |
(d) Extended
version |
detailed USIT
guidelines and illustrations along with references to TRIZ methods |
For studying the
reorganized TRIZ, especially for TRIZ practitioners |
In near future |
Sept. 18, 2002 |
For further easier reference to various
TRIZ/USIT methods, various index pages are designed. Some of them are already
posted in Japanese; in English, please give me some more weeks for
preparation.
USIT Solution
Generation Methods
USIT Solution Generation Methods (Contents.
One-page Reminder) Sept. 18, 2002
(1) Object
Pluralization Method
a. Eliminate
b. Multiply into 2, 3, ..., inf.
c. Divide into 1/2, 1/3, ..., 1/inf.
d. Unify
e. Introduce or modify
f. Introduce from the Environment.
g. From solid to powder/liquid/gas
(2) Attribute Dimensionality Method
a. Deactivate a harmful
b. Activate a useful
c. Enhance a useful or suppress a harmful
d. Introduce a spatial attribute or
vary in space
e. Introduce a temporal attribute or
vary in time
f. Change the phase or the inner-structure
g. Attributes at the micro level
h. Properties of the system as a whole |
(3) Function
Distribution Method
a. Reassign to a different Object
b. Divide the compound Functions
and assign them separately
c. Unify multiple Functions
d. Introduce a new Function
e. Vary the Function in space,
use space-related Functions.
f. Vary the Function in time.
g. Detection/measurement Function.
h. Enhance adapting/coordination/control
i. With a different physical principle
(4) Solution Combination Method
a. Combine functionally
b. Combine spatially
c. Combine temporally
d. Combine structurally
e. Combine at the principle level.
f. Combine at the super-system level
(5) Solution Generalization Method
a. Generalize/specify
b. Hierarchical system of solutions |
(1) Object
Pluralization Method
Operate on each Object to 'Pluralize'
it. 'Plural', in the sense of English language, means any number except 1;
hence, 0, 2, 3, ..., ?, 1/2, 1/3, ..., 1/?, etc. Besides, introduce a
new/modified Object.
(1a) Eliminate the Object (into
0). (Simplification, Trimming)
Eliminate the (subsidiary) Object
in the system and reassign the Functions in the simplified system. |
|
- In a system having a complex
structure (or a difficulty), eliminate (or trim) the Object (or a subsystem)
having a subsidiary role (or the problem). Assign the Function(s), if
necessary, to some existing Objects (or a newly-introduced simpler Object) or
else to the super-system.
- If the Object or a part of the Object
becomes unnecessary/damaged/disturbing/harmful after performing its Function
(or at its generation), eliminate it by use of
decomposition/dissolving/evaporation/transportation/etc.
- [P34a. Reject and regeneration of
parts]
- [S5-1.1.9 Introduction of
substances under resticted conditions]
(1b) Multiply the Object (into 2, 3,
..., ?).
Multiply the Object into 2, 3, ...
, and infinitely many, then modify the properties of the Objects (slightly
or largely), and use them together. |
|
- Multiply the Object into 2, 3, ...,
and many, modify the properties of the (present and generated) Objects
slightly (or largely), and use them together in the system.
- [P7b. Nesting, P17c. Another
dimension]
- [T16. Mono-bi-poly (similar), T17.
Mono-bi-poly (various)]
- Multiply the Object into 2, 3, ...,
and many, modify the properties of the Objects slightly (or largely), and
combine them together into a complex Object, so as to obtain new properties
and new functionality.
- [P37b. Thermal expansion, P40.
Composites]
- Besides the present Object, intorduce
a new Object having different properties or even a new Object having opposite
properties, and make the system have higher/more complex properties and
functionality.
- [T18. Mono-bi-poly (increasing
differences)]
- In case of using multiple of similar
Objects, make the number extremely large (or infinite).
- [H17ab. Take to extremes (0 to
infinity)]
(1c) Divide the Object (into 1/2, 1/3,
..., 1/?).
Divide the Object into multiple
parts (1/2, 1/3, ..., 1/?), modify the parts (slightly, or differently for
different parts), and combine them for using together in the system. |
|
- Divide the Objects into multiple
parts and use them together. Guidelines for the division are:
- Divide it into mutually independent
parts, such that each part is able to perform its own function better.
- Divide it into parts which are easy
to assemble/disassemble.
- Divide it into parts, where
specific part(s) are easy to replace/repair in case of their being broken,
damaged, worn out, etc.
- Divide it into parts which are
movable against one another.
- Divide it into parts so as to make
the Object (or the system) flexible.
- [P1ab. Segmentation, P15b.
Dynamicity]
- If a part of the Object has
undesirable properties, or if multiple parts or multiple functions of the
Object have undersirable inter-relationship, divide the Object into multiple
separated parts so as to eliminate the interferance and to enable the parts to
have their own desirable properties and functionality.
- [P2ab. Taking away, P3c. Local
quality]
- Divide the Object into many (much)
small parts and use them together as a group. Guidelines for the fine
division are: [See (1g)]
- As the result of the fine division,
make the fine parts easy to handle/transfer.
- As the result of the fine division,
increase the surface area per weight and increase the interaction (among them
or with other Objects).
- [P1c. Segmentation]
- [S2-2.2 Evolution of SFM, S5-1.2
Introduction of substances under resticted conditions]
(1d) Unify multiple Objects into one.
Combine multiple inter-related
Objects in the system and turn them into one Object with unified structure
and functionality. |
|
- Combine similar or different multiple
Objects together in space and in time, make their functional links closer, and
unify them into one compound Object.
- Take multiple Objects performing
differnt functions and generate a single versatile Object which can perform
those functions in an unified way.
- Connect (extremely) many
finely-divided Objects and form a single (flexible) continuous Object.
- [H17c. Take to extremes (0 to
infinity)]
(1e) Introduce a new/modified Object.
Modify the present Object in its
properties or structure, or else introduce a new-type of Object having new
properties and functionality, so as to achieve desirable effects and
functionality. |
|
- As for the source for obtaining the
Object (i.e., resource) to modify/introduce, consider in the following order
of priority as guidelines:
- The current target Object (for
modification)
- Objects (except the target Object)
present in the system
- Objects readily available around
the system (i.e., in the super-system or in the environment)
- A new type of Object which can
effectively use the Field (i.e., the form of energy) present in the system
- A new type of Object having
different properties and functionality
- [S 5-1.1.9 Introduction of
substances under resticted conditions, S 5-5.1,2,3 Obtaining substance
particles]
- As for the position of the Object
being modified/introduced, consider in the following order of priority as
guidelines:
- Inside the Object (or the Object
itself) being the target of the principal function (or the problematic effect)
in the system
- On (or attached to) the Object
being the target of the principal function (or the problematic effect) in the
system
- Inside the tool Object (or the
Object itself) being the tool (i.e., working element) of the principal
function (or the problematic effect) in the system
- On (or attached to) the tool Object
being the tool (i.e., working element) of the principal function (or the
problematic effect) in the system
- Between the target Object and the
tool Object of the principal function (or the problematic effect) in the
system (for playing the role of mediator/media/barrier/protector/etc.)
- Inside/on/between other
functionally-related Object(s) in the system
- Inside/on/between the Object(s)
around the system (i.e., in the super-system or in the environment)
- Between the system and its
environment (for playing the role of mediator/barrier/etc.)
- [P24a. Intermediary, P30b. Flexible
shells and thin films, P39ab. Inert atmosphere]
- [S1-1.2,3,7,8.1,8.2 Synthesis of
SFMS, S1-2.1,3 Decomposition of SFMS]
- As for the properties and
functionality desirable to introduce as modified/new Object(s), guidelines
are:
- In general, we want to introduce
some properties/functionality which are insufficient/lacking at present and
help realize the principal function of the system. Though such
properties/functionality can range quite widely, the following items may be
helpful as speciffic suggestions:
- Being able to achieve the same
function (as far as the present problem concerns) with the present Object and
being (much) less expensive and easier to handle than the present Object (such
as cheap alternatives, copies, images, etc.)
- Enhancing and supplementing the
principal function and being easier to handle/control
- Having different shape/structure,
which introduces new type of properties/functionality
- Material having special properties,
which introduce desirable properties/functionality in the system
- [P14b. Spheroidality, P26abc. Use
of copies, P27. Cheap short-life instead of costly long-life, P31bc. Porous
materials, P40. Composites]
- [S2-4.1,2,3,5 Complex-forced SFMS
(F-SFMS), S4-1.2 Change instead of measurment and detection, S4-2.2,3
Synthesis of measurement system, S4-4 Transition to ferromagnetic
measurement systems, S5-1.1.7,1.8,3 Introduction of substances under
resticted conditions, S Mann Cc4 (D2)]
- [T2. Space segmentation]
- As for the way of introducing
modified/new Object, guidelines are:
- Arrange it in space so as to make
its properties/functionality most effective.
- Arrange it in time so as to make
its properties/functionality most effective.
- [P24b. Intermediary, P31d. Porous
materials]
- [S5-1.1.4,4 Introduction of
substances under resticted conditions]
- [T2. Space segmentation]
(1f) Introduce an Object from the
Environment.
Environment here means anything
which is around the present system and is available easily and
inexpensively. (Though this is pointed out in (1e) as the resource for
obtaining an Object for modification and newly introduction, the use of the
Environment is apt to be overlooked but important.) |
|
- [P25b. Self-service]
- [S5-1.1.9 Introduction of
substances under resticted conditions]
(1g) Replace a solid Object with a
powder/fluid/liquid/gaseous Object.
Replace a solid Object in the
system with powder Object, and further with fluid/liquid/gaseous Object,
which may introduce characteristic properties such as fluidity, flexibility,
operability, reactivity, etc. In relation to the replacement, a different
kind of substance (or material) and a different mechanism of operation are
often needed.
Note: This submethod
(1g) may be regarded as an extension of submethod (1c) 'division of
Objects', but is noted here because of the necessity of rather large change
in the Object and in Functions. |
|
- [P29. Pneumatic and hydraulic
structures, P30a. Flexible shells and thin films]
- [T4. Object segmentation]
(2) Attribute
Dimensionality Method
Each Object (or substance) has
different kinds of properties (where each category of properties is called
'Attribute'); thus we consider to newly use/stop using/enhance/fully use such
properties. Especially, it is important to distribute/vary useful properties
in space (including the inner structure) and in time in an effective way.
Improving the properties of the whole system is an important target, too.
(2a) Deactivate/make irrelevant the
harmful Attribute.
Find any harmful properties in the
system, and do not use them/make them irrelevant/turn them harmless/turn
them into useful properties in the system. |
|
- [P2b. Taking away, P22abc. Turn the
harm to one's good]
- [H15ab. Adversity]
(2b) Activate/involve a new useful
Attribute.
In the Object present in the
system, start utilizing the Attribute (properties) (which has not been used
yet) or introduce a new Attribute by modifying the Object. Further, if
appropriate, replace the present Object with a new Object (or material)
having such a useful Atribute and introduce a new function (or Field) which
make the new properties effective. There are different sorts of
Attributes. Consider the following types of Attributes: |
|
- Use Attributes related to optical
properties of Object; e.g. color, transparency, refractive index, reflective
index, etc.
- [P32a. Changing color]
- [T21. Increasing use of colour,
T22. Increasing transparency]
- Use Attributes realted to thermal
properties of Object; e.g. temperature, thermal extension ratio, thermal
conductivity, specific heat, heat of evaporation/melting, etc.
- [P35d. Change of physical and
chemical parameters, P37ab. Thermal expansion]
- Use Attributes related to mass and
weight; e.g. weight, density (specific weight), mass distribution, etc.
- [S5-1.4 Introduction of substances
under resticted conditions]
- [T7. Decreasing density]
- Use Attributes related to size and
shape of the Object; e.g. length, area, volume, shape, etc.
- [P4ab. Asymmetry, P14b.
Spheroidality]
- [T8. Increasing asymmetry (to
match external asymmetry) ]
- Use Attributes related to the
surface, structure, and inner structure of the Object
- [P30. Flexible shells and thin
films]
- [T2. Space segmentation, T3.
Surface segmentation]
- Use Attributes related to mechanical
properties of Object; e.g. flexibility, strength, hardness, vibrational
characteristics (resonance frequency, etc.), etc.
- [P35c. Change of physical and
chemical parameters]
- [S4-3.2,3 Improvement of
measurement systems]
- Use Attributes related to electrical
properties of Object; e.g., electirical conductivity, electrical capacitance,
electirc charge, voltage, etc.
- Use Attributes related to magnetic
and electro-magnetic properties; e.g. magnetism, magnetic succeptibility, etc.
- [S2-4.1,2,4,6 Complex-forced SFMS
(F-SFMS)]
- Use Attributes related to chemical
properties of Object; e.g. material, composition, concentration, chemical
reactivity, dissolving power, etc.
- [P33. Homogeneity, P35b. Change of
physical and chemical parameters, P38abcde. Strong oxidizers, P39ab. Inert
atmosphere]
- Use Attributes related to the
properties of physical change (i.e. phase transition) and chemical change of
the Object.
- [S5-1.1.8,3 Introduction of
substances under resticted conditions, S5-3.1 Use of phase transitions, S
Mann Da6 (D3)]
- Use Attribute related to
special/functional properties of the Object; e.g. energy conversion,
information conversion, etc.
- [S Mann Cc4, Ce3 (D2)]
- [T1. Smart materials]
- [H21. Transduction ]
- Use Attribute related to the
operational properties of Object/System, which support the function of the
system in a general sense; e.g. operability, controllability,
manufacturability, etc.
- [S1-1.2 Synthesis of SFMS, S4-2.1
Synthesis of measurement system, S5-1.1.4 Introduction of substances under
resticted conditions]
(2c) Enhance the useful Attribute or
suppress the harmful Attribute.
Enhance the useful but insufficient
Attribute or suppress the harmful/excessive Attribute. The same kinds of
Attrributes are handled as used in the previous submethod (2b). |
|
- Redesign the Attributes of the
Objects, their parts, or the Environment, in a way such that they satisfy the
required/desirable conditions and perform the required/desirable Functions.
It may often be necessary to modify/introduce an Object and/or to
modify/introduce a Function.
(2d) Introduce/enhance a spatial
Attribute or distribute/vary in space a harmful/useful Attribute or Attribute's
value.
Introduce or enhance an Attribute
related to the space, or activate an Attribute (or vary the Attribute's
value) depending on different places in space (or different parts of an
Object). |
|
- Introduce/enhance spatial
order/structure in the spatial placement or structure of the Object(s).
- [H8abcd. Order of objects, H9ab.
Shape-change, H10abcd. Change periodicity of a pattern, H13abc.
Superpose/separate/differentiate objects]
- Introduce/enhance a space-related
Attribute which has not been (or has been) utilized before.
- [P7a. Nesting, P14ab.
Spheroidality, P17cde. Another dimension]
- Introduce spatial structure or
inner-structure of Object(s) and vary the Attribute(s) (or the values of the
Attribute(s)) depending on different places (or different parts of Object(s)).
- [P3ab. Local quality, P40.
Composites]
- [S5-1.1.5 Introduction of
substances under resticted conditions]
- [T8. Increasing asymmetry (to
match external asymmetry), T9. Boundary breakdown]
- [H10abcd. Change periodicity of a
pattern, H11abcd. Symmetry, H12ab. Localize/delocalize the problem]
- Introduce/enhance the Attribute(s)
related to the spatial motion of Object(s).
- [P13b. Other way round, P15ac.
Dynamicity]
- [S2-2.4 Evolution of SFM, S2-4.8
Complex-forced SFMS (F-SFMS)]
- [T10. Geometircal evolution
(linear), T11. Geometric evolution (volumetric), T12. Dynamization ]
(2e) Introduce/enhance a temporal
Attribute or distribute/vary in time a harmful/useful Attribute or Attribute's
value.
Introduce/enhance the temporal
Attribute(s) related to the operational phases, duration of operations, time
frequency, etc. of the system, and depending on such temporal conditions
activate different Attributes or vary the values of the Attributes in time. |
|
- Introduce/enhance the temporal
Attributes related to the operational phases, duration of operation, time
frequency, etc. of the system.
- Depending on various temporal
conditions of the system, activate different Attribues or vary the values of
the Attribute(s) at different times.
- [H1b. Unify out-of-phase functions,
H14ab. Eliminate/introduce time]
(2f) Change the phase, utilize the
phase change, or change the inner-structure of the Object.
Change the phase (i.e. state of
condensation) of Object(s) , utilize the phase change, or introduce/change
the inner structure at the micro level for using various Attributes thus
activated/enhanced. |
|
- Change the phase (solid, liquid, gas,
etc.) or the state of condensation of Object(s).
- [P29. Pneumatic and hydraulic
structures, P35a. Change of physical and chemical parameters]
- [T4. bject segmentation]
- Utilize the phase change of the
substance(s) of Object(s), and further utilize the physical effects involved
by the phase change and also use special properties related to the coexistence
of two phases.
- [P36a. Phase transitions]
- [S5-3.1,2,4,5 Use of phase
transitions, S5-4.1,2 Use of physical effects]
- Introduce/enhance (heterogeneous or
ordered) inner structure into the Object(s) (for example, by introducing voids
and porous structure), and utilize new properties and Functions involved by
the inner structure.
- [P31a. Porous materials]
- [S2-2.3,6 Evolution of SFM, S
5-1.1.1 Introduction of substances under resticted conditions]
- [T2. Space segmentation, T6. Webs
and fibres]
- Combine multiple materials (or
substances) to compose a complex inner-structure matrial and introduce an
Object with the material and use the new properties and Functions thus
introduced.
- [P31d. Porous materials, P40.
Composites]
- [T2. Space segmentation]
(2g) Utilize Attribute(s)/properties at
the micro level.
Consider/design the
structure/properties/interactions of Object(s) at the micrometer or
nanometer (or even smaller) scale, and solve the problem from the
micro-level principles. |
|
- Instead of the ordinary macro scale,
use the micrometer-, nanometer- or even smaller scale in space, consider the
structures/properties/interactions of Object(s) in such a micro scale from
their proper principles, and implement a system based on such observation for
solving the problem.
- [S3-2.1 Transition to microlevel]
- [T5. Evolution macro to nano scale
(and beyond) (space)]
(2h) Improve the properties/performance
of the system as a whole.
(Besides the Attributes and
Functions of the Objects as the components of the system,) consider the
properties (or Attributes) and Functions of the system as a whole and
improve them by designing/implementing/improving the system and its
components. |
|
- If the present system lacks some
components to form a technical system even at its minimal level, introduce the
missing Object(s) or Function(s) into the system to make it work as a
technical system.
- [S1-1.1 Synthesis of SFMS]
- Set the target of desirable
properties and Functions of the system as a whole and design/implement/improve
the system and its components so as to improve such properties and Functions.
Some examples of the desirable properties and Functions of the system are:
- efficiency of the energy usage
- minimizing the human involvement
and improving the intelligence
- ideality of the system (i.e.,
(principal useful function)/(mass + size + energy use + harmful functions)).
- robustness
- satisfaction of the market demands
and customer requirements
- [P12. Equipotentiality]
- [T15. (Matching to external) non-linearities,
T23. Customer purchase focus, T24. Market evolution, T25. Design point, T29.
Reducing human involvement, T30. Design methodology, T31. Reducing number of
energy conversions (tending to zero)]
(3) Function
Distribution Method
For the purpose of achieving/improving
the principal useful Function of the system, distribute/rearrange various
useful Functions (and some harmful Functions subsequently appearing) among the
Objects which are already present, modified, or newly introduced into the
system. Various Functions need to be transferred, divided, unified, or
introduced. It is necessary to distribute/vary the Functions in a suitable
way in space and in time, and further for better working of the system it is
the key to utilize higher-level Functions for adapting/controlling etc.
(3a) Reassign the Function to a
different Object.
Reassign (or transfer) the present
Function to a more suitable different Object which are already present or
newly introduced in the system. |
|
- Find an insufficient/excessive/hamful
Function of an Object in the system, and reassign (or transfer) the Function
to a different Object (either already present or newly introduced) so as to
make the Function effective/useful/non-harmful.
- [P2a. Taking away, P24a.
Intermediary]
- [S5-2.2 Introduction of fields
under restricted conditions]
- Replace the insufficient useful
Function in the system with a similar but more effective and controllable
Function probably based on a different physical principle. Accompanying this
replacement of the Function, often the Objects and the Fields (i.e., physical
interactions) relevant to the Function need to be replaced as a set.
- [P28. Mechanical principle
replacement, P29. Pneumatic and hydraulic structures]
(3b) Divide the compound/multiple
Functions and assign them to different Objects or different parts of an Object.
Divide the compound/multiple
Functions present in the system and reassign the divided Functions to
different Objects (already present or
newly introduced) or different parts of Objects. |
|
- Divide the compound/multiple
Functions (or non-separated multiple Functions) which are born by one Object,
and assign the individual Functions to different Objects or different parts of
Objects so as to let them work more effectively.
(3c) Unify multiple Functions and
assign the unified Function to an Object.
Unify multiple Functions of
multiple Objects and assign the unified Function to one Object. |
|
- Unify multiple Functions presently
born by multiple Objects and assign the unified Function to a new/modified (or
compound) Object so as to perform the present Functions simultaneously. If
any Object becomes redundant consequently, eliminate it.
(3d) Introduce a new Function to assign
to an Object.
In order to achieve the target of
the system or to solve the problem, introduce a new Function and assign it
to an Object either present/modified or newly introduced. |
|
- As for the source of the Function
which is going to be introduced into the system (or into the component(s) of
the system), guidelines are:
- Utilize the Field which is already
present in other parts of the system or in the environment.
- Introduce a Field which can utilize
or are cooperative/compatible with the properties of the Objects present in
the system.
- Introduce new types of substances
and a new Field as a set so as to implement a useful and effective Fnction.
- Introduce a new Function in such a
way that it cooperates/enhances/complements/prevents/
protects/ensures/controls other Functions in the system.
- [P13a. Other way round, P22a. Turn
the harm to one's good]
- [S1-1.7 Synthesis of SFMS, S1-2.4
Decomposition of SFMS, S5-1.1.2 Introduction of substances under resticted
conditions, S5-2.2,3 Introduction of fields under restricted conditions, S
Mann Ce3 (D2)]
- As for the types of Functions which
are desirable to introduce, consider the following Functions categorized with
the Fields (i.e., interactions/forces/energies/fields/etc.) in the sense of
TRIZ, as guidelines:
- Functions related to the mechanical
Fields,
- Functions related to the thermal
Fields,
- Functions related to the electrical
Fields,
- Functions related to the
magnetic/electromagnetic Fields,
- Functions related to the optical
Fields,
- Functions related to the
chemical/biochemical Fields,
- Functions related to the
visual/aural/tasting/smelling senses, etc.
- [P8ab. Counterweight, P14d.
Spheroidality, P18def. Mechanical vibrations, P36a. Phase transitions]
- [S2-4.1 Complex-forced SFMS (F-SFMS),
S5-3.5 Use of phase transitions]
- [T21. Increasing use of colour]
- [H21. Transduction]
(3e) Distribute/vary the Function in
space or utilize the spatial distribution/motion/vibration Function.
Distribute/arrange the Function(s)
in some spatial order/structure and increase the degree of spatial freedom.
Utilize/enhance the spatial Function(s) of distributing/moving/vibrating the
Object(s) (or the Attribute(s) of Object(s)). |
|
- Concerning spatial positions where
the Functions act, arrange the (multiple) Function(s) in the system in a
spatial order/structure/variation so as to be able to work effectively, and
increase the degree of freedom of the spatial arrangement, and further enable
its temporal variation.
- [S2-2.5 Evolution of SFM, S2-4.9
Complex-forced SFMS (F-SFMS)]
- [T10. Geometircal evolution
(linear), T11. Geometric evolution (volumetric), T26. Degrees of freedom]
- Introduce/enhance the Function(s) of
spatially distributing/moving/transferring the Object(s).
- [P14c. Spheroidality, P17abd.
Another dimension]
- Use the vibration of the Object(s),
and further use resonance vibration and supersonic vibration.
- [P18abcde. Mechanical vibrations]
(3f) Distribute/vary the Function in
time.
Set the time (or timing) of
operation of the Function(s) in an appropriate way. Set the timing of
operation of a Function, in the sense of time period of operation (such as
triggering event, operational conditions, etc.), temporal variation in the
long time range, and temporal variation in the short time range (e.g., in
pulses, in cycles, frequency, etc.), and also set the timing of multiple
Functions in the sense of the sequential order, the relative timing of
operations, etc. |
|
- Distribute/vary the Function(s) in
time.
- [S1-2.5 Decomposition of SFMS,
S2-2.5 Evolution of SFM, S2-4.9,10 Complex-forced SFMS (F-SFMS)]
- [H1b. Unify out-of-phase functions]
- If there is some problem in
performing the principal Function in a simple way, perform a preparatory
Function in advance, perform a protective Function in parallel on a temporary
basis, or perform a post-Function afterwords. Also change/invert the order of
performing the Functions.
- [P9a. Prior counteraction, P10b.
Prior action, P16. Partial or excessive action, P21. Skip, P24b.
Intermediary]
- [S1-1.6 Synthesis of SFMS]
- [H2ab. Sequence of events, H7ab.
Initiation of event]
- Enable the Object(s) in the system to
perform the desired Function(s) continuously (for a long period of time, even
in varying situations).
- [P20ab. Useful action continuity,
P34b. Reject and regeneration of parts]
- Perform the Function(s) at higher
speed/rate, in pulses, or in periodical way. Perform the Function(s) in
coordination with the resonance frequency of the system (or its part).
- [P18bc. Mechanical vibrations,
P19ab. Periodic action]
- [H3abcd. Rate of events, H4abc.
Periodicity]
- Coordinate the timing of performing
multiple Functions in a way to work cooperately at the same time, in
sequence/cycle, or to work alternately for avoiding interference.
- [P 19c. Periodic action]
- [S2-3.1,2,3 Evolution by
coordinating rhythms]
- [H2c. Sequence of events]
(3g) Realize the detection/measurement
Function.
Perform the detection/measurement
Function as simply and quickly as possible (especially, make the
detection/measurement itself unnecessary, if possible) and by using
Attributes sensitive and accurate for detection/measurement.
[See (3h) also.] |
|
- [S4-1.1,2,3 Change instead of
measurment and detection]
- [T20. Increased use of senses]
(3h) Introduce/enhance the
adapting/coordination/control Function.
Introduce/enhance Function(s) for
adapting/coordinating/controlling the system and make the system higher and
more intelligent. |
|
- Reduce the human involvement in the
system as a basic step of improvement.
- [T29. Reducing human involvement]
- Introduce (or replace with) a Field
easier to controll in the system.
- [S2-1.2 Transition to complex SFMS,
S2-2.1 Evolution of SFM, S2-4.11,12 Complex-forced SFMS (F-SFMS)]
- Repalce the Object with the one made
of materials adaptable or easier to control.
- [T1. Smart materials]
- [S2-4.7 Complex-forced SFMS (F-SFMS)]
- Set the substance in selected places
so that the Function is applied adaptively onto the selected places.
- [S1-1.8.1,8.2 Synthesis of SFMS,
S5-4.2 Use of physical effects]
- Coordinate the timing and Functions
of system operation.
- [T13. Action co-ordination, T14.
Rhythm co-ordination]
- [H6abc.
Synchronization/out-of-phase/differentiate events]
- Introduce/enhance the feedback system
or other coordination/control mechanism in order to coordinate and control the
Functions in the system.
- [P23ab. Feedback]
- [S2-1.1 Transition to complex SFMS]
- [T15. (Matching to external) non-linearities,
T28. Controllability]
- [H5abce. Feed-back]
- Implement the Function of
coordinating/adjusting the actions of the Objects by themselves or repairing
the Objects by themselves, in a way of self-service.
- [P25a. Self-service, P34b. Reject
and regeneration of parts]
(3i) Achieve the Function with
different physical principle.
In place of the present Function
(especially the one achieved by gravitational or mechanical principles),
achieve the similar Function in a more effective and controllable way on the
basis of a different physical principle. |
|
- [P28. Mechanical principle
replacement, P29. Pneumatic and hydraulic structures]
(4) Solution
Combination Method
Combine multiple solutions (or
multiple elements of solutions) in various ways (such as functionally,
spatially, temporally, structurally, at the principle level, etc.) so as to
form a new solution which enhances the strong points, complements the
drawbacks, and overcomes the contradictions. Also solve the problem by
transferring to the super-system level.
(4a) Combine solutions functionally.
Combine multiple solutions by
linking their Functions. Especially, combine multiple solutions by linking
Functions which are related in causal relationships or by combining
Functions which are complementary or contrary with one another. |
|
- Combine multiple solutions having
Functions in sequence in the causal relationship and form a better solution by
performing the Functions in sequence in time.
- [P16. Partial or excessive action,
P25b. Self-service]
- [S1-1.6 Synthesis of SFMS, S4-1.2
Change instead of measurment and detection]
- Combine multiple solutions having
Functions in sequence in the causal relationship and form a better solution by
performing the Functions simultaneously so that one Function
extends/enhances/suppresses/protects/etc. the other.
- [P18f. Mechanical vibrations, P22a.
Turn the harm to one's good]
- [S1-1.8.1,8.2 Synthesis of SFMS,
S4-2.1 Synthesis of measurement system, S4-3.1,2 Improvement of measurement
systems]
- Combine multiple solutions having
complementary or contrary Functions and form a better solution by implementing
the Functions in different parts of the system or by implementing the
Functions after unification.
- [P3c. Local quality, P6.
Universality]
- [T13. Action co-ordination ]
- Combine multiple solutions and form a
better solution by implementing a functional hierarchical structure containing
adapting/controlling/learning mechanism.
- [S1-2.5 Decomposition of SFMS,
S2-1.1,2 Transition to complex SFMS, S2-4.11,12 Complex-forced SFMS (F-SFMS)]
(4b) Combine solutions spatially.
Combine multiple solutions in
respect to the spatial positions to apply; for instance, at different places
(for avoiding the mutual interferrence), at distributed places, side by
side, in front and back (in sequence), on top and bottom, at the same place
alternatively, inside of the other, as an inner-structure of the other, etc. |
|
- [P7ac. Nesting, P12.
Equipotentiality, P17ce. Another dimension, P31d. Porous materials]
- [T2. Space segmentation, T3.
Surface segmentation]
- [H13abc.
Superpose/separate/differentiate objects]
(4c) Combine solutions temporally.
Combine multiple solutions in
respect to time to apply; for instance, in sequence (one after another),
beforehand of the other, simultaneously (in parallel), afterwards of the
other, in the reverse order, alternatively, in pulses, periodically, from
time to time, interrupting/switching corresponding to the situations, etc. |
|
- Perform one Function (of one
solution) beforehand as a preceeding process for doing the other (principal)
Function (of the other solution).
- [P9a. Prior counteraction, P10ab.
Prior action, P11. Early cushioning]
- Perform one Function (of one
solutions) afterwards as a post-process for doing the other (principal)
Function (of the other solution).
- [P34a. Reject and regeneration of
parts]
- [S5-1.1.8 Introduction of
substances under resticted conditions]
- Perform multiple Functions of
multiple solutions at the same time in parallel (or alternatingly).
- [P19c .Periodic action, P34b.
Reject and regeneration of parts]
- [T14. Rhythm co-ordination]
- Combine multiple solutions so as to
perform them alternatively by switching them dynamically corresponding the
surrounding situations.
(4d) Combine solutions structurally.
Combine multiple solutions by
forming a (hierarchical) functional structure in such a way that the
solutions are performed alternatively under different conditions or
performed at different levles. |
|
- Combine multiple solutions so as to
perform them alternatively under different conditions.
- [P3d. Local quality, P15d.
Dynamicity]
- [T25. Design point, T30. Design
methodology]
- Combine multiple solutions so as to
perform them at different levels (such as the whole system level and the
subsystem level).
- [S3-1.5 Transitions to bisystem and
polysystem]
(4e) Combine solutions at the principle
level.
Combine multiple solutions based on
different principles and form a solution in various ways; for instance, as a
temporary solution in the transient stage, in a hybrid system, in a
compromise, to back-up the other, to perform on a background of the other,
etc. |
|
- [P28. Mechanical principle
replacement]
- [T29. Reducing human involvement]
- [H16. Invoke contradiction/examine
opposites, H20ab. Simplify/complex]
(4f) Combine solutions at the
super-system level.
Consider the higher-level purpose
or principal function which should be performed by the system in the problem
and solve the current problem by combining/coordinating the present system
with the neighboring system(s) and forming/improving the higher-level system
(i.e. the super-system). |
|
- [S2-1.1 Transition to complex SFMS,
S3-1.1,2,3,4 Transitions to bisystem and polysystem]
(5) Solution
Generalization Method
Represent a solution in a more general
way, form a solution template, and obtain concepts of solutions in the
associative manner. Also generate a hierarchical system of solutions.
(5a) Generalize/specify the solution
for associative thinking.
Replace the technical/specific
terms in a solution with plain/generic terms, form a plain solution
template, and then obtain new specific conceptual solutions in an
associative way. |
|
- [H18ab. Genericize object's
functions, H19. Genericize solutions]
(5b) Construct a hierarchical system
of solutions.
Classify a number of solutions
obtained so far, make a hierachical system of solutions with respect to the
levels of generalization, consider the overall view of the solution space,
and try a comprehensive search of solutions. |
|
Notes of Symbols for
Illustrations:
Objects: Oval:
Object, especially Target Object which is affected by the Function.
Rectangles:
Objects, especially Tool Objects which act with the Function.
Attributes: Attributes are sorts
(or categories, and not values) of properties of Objects.
Shown with different
colors and patterns for each object.
The patterns in the
above figures intend: Solid, Powder, Liquid, Gas,
Hazardous,
Varying in space, and Micro-level properties of Objects..
Functions: Shown with different
styles of arrows.
solid arrow:
useful Function
broken-line
arrow: (useful but) insufficient Function
fat arrow:
excessive (and hence rather harmful) Function
crossed arrow:
harmful Function
Three different
patterns of arrows for showing different Functions.
Solutions: Shown with
round-cornered rectangles.
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